R
R.O.C......Republic of China, also known as ROC.R-2.....Australia, satellite, FTO. First launch 1970/09/02
R-27A.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, thrust 200,000 lbf ( kN), pressure ? psi (? bar),
R-3.....Russia, launch vehicle. See Kosmos, large.
R-36-0.....Ukraine, launch vehicle, see Tsyklon. Also known as Missile R-12, 8K69orb, SL-11,. FOBS, F-1-r, 8K69. First launch 1965/12/16
R-360.....Ukraine, Launch Vehicle, see R-36-0.
R-36M.....Ukraine, launch vehicle, see Tsylkon 2, 8K69. 2,800 kg, LEO. Was SS-20 Satan Missile. Used in Dnepr launch vehicle.
R-36M2.....Russia, launch vehicle, Dnepr-1.
R-40A.....U.S., rocket engine, thruster. Manufactured by Marquardt, uses bi propellant fuel, thrust lbf 870 ( 6.5 kN), pressure psi 150 (10.3 bar). Used on the STS.
R-4D.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, reaction control thruster used on the APOLLO SM and LMAS. Thrust, 100 lbf (0.45 kN) each, liquid propellant N2O4/MMH on the SM, or liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH on the LMAS.
R-7.....Russia, launch vehicle, derived from the first ICBM. Was developed into the following:
Luna 8K72, R-7A 8K74,
Molniya 8K78,
Molniya 8K78M,
Polyot 11A59,
R-7 8K71 Semyorka,
Soyuz 11A511,
Soyuz 11A511L,
Soyuz 11A511M,
Soyuz 11A511U,
Soyuz 11A511U2,
Soyuz 11A514,
Soyuz M.
Sputnik 8A91,
Sputnik 8K71PS,
Voskhod 11A57,
Vostok 11A510,
Vostok 8A92M,
Vostok 8Ak92,
Vostok 8K72,
Vostok 8K72K,
First launch 1957/05/15
R-7A.....Russia, launch vehicle. Also known as 8K74, Soyuz booster.
R-8.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, vernier, 1 engine with 4 chambers. Thrust 17,600 lbf (78 kN), pressure 1117 psi (77 bar), used on Zenit launch vehicle.
R-IS.....Russia, satellite, interceptor. RAKETOPLAN-ISTREBITEL SPUTNIKOV, rocket plane interceptor. Object names is R-IS.
R&D DATA RELAY.....U.S., satellite, communications. High frequency relay function for MIDAS satellites, also known as program 313. First launch 1972/10/20
R2150.....U.S. launch vehicle, 500 lbs (225 kg), SSO. Built by AeroAstro.
Ra.....Egypt, sun god.
RA.....U.S., satellite, see RANGER.
RA of Node.....Orbital component. Kaplerian element. See Right Ascension of ascending node.
RAAN.....Orbital component. Kaplerian element. See right ascension of ascending node.
Radar Adour.....Kourou, organization. ESA tracking station, Kourou, Guyane.
Radar Beam guidance.....See Guidance.
Radar control guidance.....See Guidance.
RADAR.....Japan, satellite, reconnaissance, synthetic aperture radar sensor, LEO. Part of a constellation of 4 satellites, RADAR 1 & 2, OPTICAL 1 & 2. See IGS.
RADAR CALIBRATION TARGET.....U.S., satellite. See RADCAT.
RADAR IMAGING SATELLITE.....India, satelite, see RISAT.
RADAR SATELLITE.....Canada, satellite. See RADARSAT.
RADARSAT.....Canada, satellite, commercial synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing. RADAR SATELLITE. Launched at the WSMC by a Delta 2 into a LEO. First launch 1995/11/04
RADCAL.....U.S., satellite. See RADICAL.
RADCAT.....U.S., satellite, technology. DoD, RADAR CALIBRATION TARGET.
1968/08/16, WTR, Atlas Burner 2, FTO.
First launch 1968/08/16
Radford DD 446.....USS Radford DD 446, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: MERCURY Atlas 8.
Radiation.....Electromagnetic energy, photons.
RADIATION BALANCE.....U.S., satellite, see VANGUARD. First launch 1959/06/22
RADIATION BELT MAPPER MISSION.....U.S., satellite, scientific, geospace mission under NASA’s Living with a star contract with APL. First launch 2010/00/00
RADIATION CALIBRATION SATELLITE.....U.S., satellite. See RADICAL.
RADIATION DOSIMETRY.....U.S. satellite. See RADOS.
RADIATION EXPERIMENT.....U.S. satellite. See REX.
RADIATION LABORATORY.....U.S., satellite, see EXPLOER 9. First launch 1960/11/03
RADIATION METEOROID.....U.S., NASA, satellite, scientific. Launched from WI by a Scout into LEO. Decayed 1971/02/07. First launch 1970/11/09
RADIATION SATELLITE.....U.S., satellite, see EXPLOER 7. First launch 1959/10/13
RADICAL.....U.S. satellite, technology. RADIATION CALIBRATION satellite.
- RADICAL, 1993 041A, 1993/06/25, VAFB, Scout, LEO.
First launch 1993/06/25
radio frequency spectrum.....See band.
Radio Amateur Satellite Corp......U.S., corporation. Sponsors the development of AMSAT OSCAR satellites. Radio Amateur Satellite Corp., PO Box 27, Washington, D.C. 20044
Radio Corporation of America.....U.S., aerospace company. RCA.
Radio Navigation guidance.....See Guidance.
Radio NPO.....Russia, organization, development of GORZONT.
RADIO.....Russia, satellite, see RS. Small radio relay satellite for use by amateurs.
RADIO ASTRONOMY EXPLORER.....U.S., satellites, scientific. Part of the EXPLORER series, see RAE.
RADIO SKAF.....Russia, satellite, communications, amateur radio, equipment installed in the Orlan-M No. 14 space suit, launched from the ISS. Also known as AMSAT-OSCAR 54. First launch 2005/09/08
RADIO STAR.....U.S., satellite, see TRANSIT 1-B First launch 1960/04/13
RADIOASTRON.....Russia, satellite, scientific observatory. Observes quasars and high-energy phenomena via radio interferometry. 33 ft (56 m) diameter telescope. First launch 2007/00/00
Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator.....U.S. See RTG.
Radius of orbit of a planet.....See planet.
Radius of orbit.....The radius of an orbit around a body. See Planet.
RADOSE.....U.S. Air Force, satellite, technology. RADIATION DOSIMETRY. Launched at the WTR by a Thor Agena D into a LEO. Decayed 1963/07/30. First launch 1963/06/15
RADSAT.....U.S., satellite, technology. Launched at WTR, Atlas F, LEO. First launch 1972/10/02
raduga.....Russia, rainbow.
RADUGA.....Russia, satellite, communications, military, GEO. Satellite for telephone, telegraph, and domestic TV. Renamed STATSIONAR. Also known as GRAN. RADUGA-1 is also known as 17F15. Was KOSMOS 2406 launched 2004/06/10. Some confusion about KOSMOS sequence 2405 and 2406. First launch 1975/12/22
RAE.....U.S., satellite, scientific, RADIO ASTRONOMY EXPLORER, see EXPLORER 38 and 49. First launch 1968/07/04
RAFAELO.....Italy satellite, see REAFFAELLO.
RAFFAELLO.....Italy ASI, satellite, ISS multipurpose module. First launch 2001/04/19
Raffaelo.....Raffaelo Sanzio, 1483-1520, artist.
RAFT.....U.S., satellite, technology, US Naval Academy cubesats . First launch 2006/12/21
rahmem.....German for frame.
RAINBOW.....U.S., satellite, communications, Direct to home TV. Uses Lockheed Martin A2100 bus. First launch 2003/07/17
RAKA.....Russia, organization, Russia Aerospace Agency. See Rosaviacosmos.
raket.....Russia, rocket.
rakete.....German for rocket.
Raketnay Dvigatel.....Russia, means rocket engine, abbreviation RD.
RAKETOPLAN.....Russia, satellite, reusable orbital space shuttle, renamed BURAN .
RAKETOPLAN-ISTREBITEL SPUTNIKOV.....Russia, satellite, interceptor, see R-IS.
RALPH.....U.S., satellite. See TIPS.
RAM.....U.S., NASA, Reentry Ablative Material project to test protective material during the heat of reentry.
RAM B, 1962/00/00,
RAM, 1964/04/10, Wallops Island, Scout.
RAM, 1967/10/19.
First launch 1962/00/00
Ramon, Ilan.....Russia, cosmonaut, STS-107, 2003/01/16. First launch 2003/01/16
RAMOS.....Russia and U.S., satellite, space based early warning system. RUSSIAN AMERICAN OBSERVATION SATELLITE. First launch 2005/00/00
Randolph CVS 15.....USS Randolph CVS 15, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: MERCURY Atlas 6, MERCURY Atlas 7.
Range Sentinel.....USNS Range Sentinel (T-AGM-22). See tracking ship.
Range Tracker T-AGM-1.....USNS Range Tracker T-AGM-1, tracking ship.
RANGER.....U.S. NASA/JPL, satellite, scientific. Space probes to photograph and land on the moon, RANGER 1-9.
- RANGER 1 was a test probes for the RANGER lunar impact series. They were meant for high Earth orbit testing in 1961, but rocket problems left them in useless low orbits which quickly decayed. Launched 1961/08/23, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena B, Decayed 1961/08/30.
- RANGER 2 was a test probes for the RANGER lunar impact series. They were meant for high Earth orbit testing in 191961, but rocket problems left them in useless low orbits which quickly decayed. Launched 1961/11/18, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena B, Decayed 1961/11/20.
- RANGER 3, was intended to land an instrument capsule on the surface of the Moon, but problems during the launch caused the probe to miss the Moon and head into solar orbit. RANGER 3 did try to take some images of the Moon as it flew by, but the camera was unfortunately aimed at deep space during the attempt. Launched 1962/01/26, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena B, Moon arrival, missed Moon, in Solar orbit.
- RANGER 4, had the same purpose as RANGER 3, but suffered technical problems en route and crashed on the lunar far side, the first U.S. probe to reach the Moon, albeit without returning data. Launched 1962/04/23, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena B, Moon impact 1962/04/26.
- RANGER 5, similar to RANGER 3 and 4, lost all solar panel and battery power en route and eventually missed the Moon and drifted off into solar orbit. Launched 1962/10/18, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena B, Moon arrival, missed Moon, in Solar orbit.
- RANGER 6 had a more modified lunar Missions: It sent back live images of the lunar surface as it headed towards an impact with the Moon. RANGER 6 failed this objective in 1964 when its cameras did not operate. Launched 1964/01/30, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena B, Moon impact 1964/02/02.
- RANGER 7 had a more modified lunar Missions: It sent back live images of the lunar surface as it headed towards an impact with the Moon. RANGER 7 performed well, becoming the first U.S. lunar probes to return thousands of lunar images through 191965. Launched 1964/07/28, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena D, Moon impact 1964/07/31.
- RANGER 8 had a more modified lunar Missions: It sent back live images of the lunar surface as it headed towards an impact with the Moon. Launched 1965/02/17, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena B, Moon impact 1965/02/20.
- RANGER 9 had a more modified lunar Missions: It sent back live images of the lunar surface as it headed towards an impact with the Moon. Launched 1965/03/21, Eastern Test Range, Atlas-Agena B, Moon impact 1965/03/24.
First launch 1961/02/23
Rankin AKA 103.....USS Rankin AKA 103, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: APOLLO 8.
RAPIDEYE.....Germany, satellite, microsatellite, Earth observation, 5 satellite constellation built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, of the UK. Uses TOPSAT bus. Owned by Rapideye, Munich, Germany. First launch 2005/00/00
Rasco-2.....Poland, rocket, cloud seeding. First launch 1966/00/00
RASCOM.....South Africa, satellite, communication, GEO. Regional African Satellite Communications organization. First launch 2006/00/00
raum.....German for space.
raum fähre.....German for shuttle.
raumfahrt.....German for walk in space.
raumschiff.....German for space ship.
raumsonde.....German for space probe.
Raytheon.....U.S., aerospace company. Address: 870 Winter Street, Lexington, MA 02451, USA. www.reatheon.com
RC.....Launch vehicle motor, Rocket Research Corp. (formerly RR).
RCA.....U.S., satellite. See SATCOM.
RCA.....U.S., aerospace company. Radio Corporation of America, New York.
RCA SATCOM.....U.S., satellite. See SATCOM.
RCS.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, attitude control. Thrust 12 lbf (0.05 kN), pressure psi ( bar), liquid propellant N2O4/MMH. Manufactured by Kaiser Marquardt Co.
RCS.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, used on STS Space Shuttles. Reaction Control System. 38 promary thrusters and 6 vernier motors. Primary thruster, thrust 870 lbf (3.87 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant N2O4/MMH. Vernier motors, thrust 25 lbf (110 N), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant N2O4/MMH.
RCS.....satellite bus, Swales Aerospace, LEO.
RCS.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 19,000 lbf (85 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. Retro & correction stage. Used on Energiya stage 3 EUS.
RD.....Russia, Raketnay Dvigatel, РД, means rocket engine.
RD.....Launch vehicle motor, U.S., Rocketdyne (now Rockwell/Hercules).
RD-0105.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, used on the upper stages of the R-7. The fuel was liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. Developed by Kosberg KB.
RD-0107.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, used on the Block L Molniya. The fuel was liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. Developed by Kosberg KB.
RD-0109.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, used on the Vostok upper stage. The fuel was liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. Developed by Kosberg KB.
RD-0110.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 67,000 lbf (298 kN), pressure 986 psi (68 bar), liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. 1 engine with 4 thrust chambers and 4 verniers. Manufactured by KB Kimavtomatiki. Used on Soyuz U, FG, TM/TMA and Molniya M. Also known as RD-110.
RD-0124 .....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 67,000 lbf (294 kN), pressure 2350 psi (162 bar), liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. 1 engine with 4 thrust chambers and 4 verniers. Manufactured by KB Kimavtomatiki. Used on Soyuz 2-1B.
RD-0124A.....Russia, Engine, KB Khimavtomatiki, liquid, LOX/Kerosene, 66,160 lbf (294 kN), pressure 2350 psi (162 bar). Used on Angara stage 2.
RD-0210.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, various versions. The fuel was liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Developed by Kosberg KB. See Proton K Block DM and Proton M/Breeze M.
RD-0211.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust ? lbf (? kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Developed by Kosberg KB. Used on the Proton K launch vehicle. See RD-468.
RD-0213.....Russia, launch vehicle motor. The fuel was liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Developed by Kosberg KB. Used on the Proton launch vehicle Block V.
RD-0225.....Russia, launch vehicle motor. The fuel was liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Developed by Kosberg KB. Used on the Energiya launch vehicle stage 2 and the Proton launch vehicle Block D.
RD-0233.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust each 105,000 lbf (467 kN), pressure 2975 psi (205 bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH. Manufactured by Khimavtomatiki. Used on Rockot/Breeze KM and Strela.
RD-0235.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 54,000lbf (240 kN), pressure 1090 psi (75 bar), liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Manufactured by Khimavtomatiki. Used on Rockot/Breeze KM and Strela.
RD-0236.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, vernier, 1 engine with 4 nozzles, thrust 3540 lbf (15.8 kN), pressure 1090 psi (75 bar), liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Manufactured by Khimavtomatiki. Used on Rockot/Breeze KM and Strela.
RD-0243.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, 1 RD-0244 main engine with 1 RD-0245 vernier engine with 4 thrusters. Used on Shtil launch vehicle.
RD-0244.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 153,000 lbf (682 kN), pressure 4000 psi (275 bar), liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Used on RD-0243 motors on Shtil.
RD-0245.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, vernier, total thrust 47,000 lbf (211 kN), pressure 2130 psi (147 bar), liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Used on RD-0243, Shtil.
RD-0255.....Russia, Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, 1 engine + 4 verniers, used on DNEPR stage 2. Thrust 170.000 lbf (760 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-0288.....Russia, Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, VMZ, used on DNEPR stage 2. Thrust 171,000 lbf ( 740 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-100 series.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, series use liquid propellant LOX and not storable propellants.
RD-107.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, 1 engine with 4 thrust chambers, thrust total 182,000 lbf (813 kN), pressure 848 psi (58 bar), 2 verniers, thrust ? Lbf ( kN). Liquid propellant LOX/kerosene T-1 or RP-1. Manufactured by NPO Energomash. Used on Soyuz U and Molniya M.
RD-107A.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, 1 engine with 4 thrust chambers, thrust total 188,000 lbf (838 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), 2 verniers, thrust ? Lbf (? kN). Liquid propellant LOX/kerosene T-1 or RP-1. Manufactured by NPO Energomash. Used on Soyuz FG and 2.
RD-108.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, 1 engine with 4 thrust chambers, thrust total 175,000 lbf (779 kN), pressure 740 psi (51 bar), 4 verniers, thrust ? Lbf (? kN). Liquid propellant LOX/kerosene T-1 or RP-1. Manufactured by NPO Energomash. Used on Soyuz U.
RD-108A.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, 1 engine with 4 thrust chambers, thrust total 178,000 lbf (792 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), 4 verniers, thrust ? Lbf (? kN). Liquid propellant LOX/kerosene T-1 or RP-1. Manufactured by NPO Energomash. Used on Soyuz FG and 2.
RD-110.....Russia, launch vehicle motor. See RD-0110.
RD-119.....Russia, launch vehicle engine. Thrust 24,000 lbf (105 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant LOX/UDMH. Used on the B-1 launch vehicle.
RD-120.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 233,000 lbf (992 kN), pressure 2364 psi (163 bar), liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. Article No. 11D123. Used on Zenit launch vehicle.
RD-170.....Russia, launch vehicle motor. Thrust 1,631,000 lbf (7289 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), Used on Zenit 2 and Energia stage 1.
RD-171.....Russia, launch vehicle motor with 4 thrust chambers. Thrust 1,630,000 lbf (7289 kN), pressure 3556 psi (245 bar), liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. Article No. 11D520. Used on Zenit launch vehicle.
RD-180.....Russia & U.S., launch vehicle motor, used on Atlas IIIA/B and Atlas 5, 1 propulsion system with 2 thrust chambers. NPO Energomash & Pratt & Whitney, RD AMROSS. Thrust 860,000 lbf (3827 kN), pressure 3734 psi (257 bar), propellant LOX/RP-1.
RD-191.....Russia, Engine, NPO Energomash, liquid, LOX/RG-1 grade kerosene, 431,000 lbf (1920 kN), pressure 3725 psi (257 bar). Used on Angara Universal Module.
RD-200 series.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, series use nitrogen and storable propellants.
RD-214.....Russia, launch vehicle engine, 4 chamber. Thrust 163,000 lbf (717 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant Nitric Acid/Kerosene. Used on the B-1 launch vehicle.
RD-216.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, NPO Energomash, used on Kosmos stage 1. Thrust 334,000 lbf (1485 kN), pressure 1088 psi (75 bar), propellant Nitric Acid + 27% N2O4/UDMH.
RD-219.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, used on R-36 Tsyklon rockets.
RD-253.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 2,364,000 lbf (9,500 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Used on the Proton K launch vehicle.
RD-259.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 394,000 lbf (1,580 kN), pressure 2130 psi (147 bar), propellant liquid N2 O4/UDMH, manufactured by NPO Energomash. Used on Proton launch vehicle.
RD-260.....Russia/Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, used on Tsyklon 2K, 3 and 4 stage 1. 2 chambers each, thrust 190,000 lbf (842 kN), pressure 1250 psi (86 bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-261.....Russia/Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, used on Tsyklon 2K, 3, and 4. Uses 3 RD-260 motors.
RD-262.....Russia/Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, used on Tsyklon 2K, 3 and 4. Stage 2. 2 chambers, thrust 211,000 lbf (934 kN), pressure 1337 psi (92 bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-264.....Russia, Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, NPO Energomash, 4 thrust chambers, used on DNEPR stage 1. Thrust 1,017,000 lbf (4525 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-300 series.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, series exotic propellants.
RD-461.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 16,000 lbf (302 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. 1 engine with 4 thrust chambers and 4 verniers. Manufactured by KB Kimavtomatiki. Used on Soyuz U, FG, and Molniya M.
RD-465.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 131,000 lbf (582 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), propellant liquid N2O4/UDMH, manufactured by Khimavtomatiki. Used on Proton launch vehicle.
RD-468.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 131,000 lbf (582 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), propellant liquid N2O4/UDMH, manufactured by Khimavtomatiki. Also known as RD-0211. Used on Proton launch vehicle.
RD-473.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, 1 core engine with 1 vernier engine with 4 nozzles, core engine thrust 131,000 lbf (583 kN), pressure 2130 psi (147 bar), vernier engine with 4 nozzels, thrust 7,000lbf (31 kN), pressure 2130 psi (147 bar). Propellant liquid N2O4/UDMH, manufactured by Khimavtomatiki. Used on Proton launch vehicle.
RD-8.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, thrust 17,800 lbf (8 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant LOX/Kerosene. Manufactured by Yuzhnoye.
RD-855.....Russia/Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, used on Tsyklon 2K, 3 and 4. Stage 1 and stage 2. 4 chambers steering engine, thrust 73,000 lbf (325 kN), pressure 1250 psi (86 bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-856.....Russia/Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, thrust 12,100 lbf (54 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), solid propellant HTPB.
RD-861.....Russia/Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, used on Tsyklon 3. Stage 3 C5M. Thrust 17,600 lbf (78 kN), pressure 1330 psi (91.7 bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-861k.....Russia/Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, used on Stage 3 of Tsyklon 4, thrust 17,200 lbf (76.4 kN), pressure 1313 psi (90.5 bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-864.....Russia, Ukraine, launch vehicle motor, Yuzhmash, dual-mode liquid, used on DNEPR stage 1. Thrust 4268 lbf (18 kN), pressure ? psi ( ? bar), propellant N2O4/UDMH.
RD-869 .....Russia, launch vehicle engine. Thrust 560 lbf (2.5 kN), pressure ?psi (? bar), liquid propellant N2O4/UDMH. Manufactured by Yuzhnoye. Used on the AVUM stage 4 of the Vega launch vehicle.
re-entered.....When a satellite will enter the atmosphere. See also entered, returned.
RE-ENTRY FLIGHT DEMONSTRATOR.....U.S., satellite. See RFD.
Reaction Motors.....U.S., company, merged with Thiokol.
Readdy, William.....U.S., astronaut, STS-42, 1992/01/22, STS-51, 1993/09/12, STS-79, 1996/09/16. First launch 1992/01/22
reconnaissance.....See classified satellite.
RECOVERABLE SATELLITE.....China, satellite. See FANHUE SHI WEIXING (FSW).
recovery.....The procedure or action that occurs when a whole payload, satellite, or section, instrumentation package, or other part of a launch vehicle is recovered after launch. Examples of different types of recovery are:
- In the air, DISCOVERER series captured by aircraft as it passed through the atmosphere;
- At sea, MERCURY, GEMINI, and APOLLO, splashes down (lands in the water), a helicopter or ships retrieve the capsule from the sea;
- On land, SOYUZ, and STS where the capsule or vehicle lands on land (touchdown);
- In orbit, STS captures a satellite in orbit and performs maintenance or returns the satellite to Earth.
recovery force.....flotte récupéeration (Fr),, bergun (D).
Recovery.....USS Recovery, ARS 43, prime recovery ship for Little Joe 5A.
Recovery and Tracking Ships.....U.S., Ships used in the tracking and/or recovery of manned spacecraft.
red.....rouge (Fr)., rot (D).
Red Fuming Nitric Acid.....Launch vehicle propellant, Nitric Acid 84%, Nitrogen Tetroxide 13%, water 3%.. Also known as RFNA.
Red Lake tracking site.....Australia, organization, Self-contained instrumentation post used to track Woomera launches. Located 40 km from Woomera. Also NASA Tracking Station No. 9. Now closed.
Redstone.....Geographical location, U.S., See also Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, location of W. von Braun's U.S. Army rocket team.
Redstone.....U.S., launch vehicle. Army, Redstone, IRBM. Also known as, PGM-11 A, PTM-11B, Pre 1963 designation [SSM-G-14, SSM-A-14, M8, XM9], Stage 1, A-7 engine (XLR43-NA-1). See Jupiter C and MERCURY Redstone. First launch 1953/08/20
Redstone Arsenal.....U.S., organization. Army, activated. 1941/10/06.
Redstone T AGM 20.....USS Redstone T AGM 20, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: APOLLO 9, APOLLO 17, SKYLAB 1, SKYLAB 2, SKYLAB 3.
Redue.....Belgium, organization. 500 N, 50 E. see ESTRACK.
reentry.....The event occurring when a spacecraft or other object returns to the sensible atmosphere after being rocketed to altitudes above the sensible atmosphere.
REFLECTOR.....Russia, satellite, see RFEFLEKTOR.
REFLEKTOR.....Russia, satellite, space debris detection, laser reflector.
First launch 2001/12/10
REGATTA.....Russia, satellite, scientific.
Reightler, Ken.....U.S., astronaut, STS-48, 1991/09/12, STS-60, 1994/02/03. First launch 1991/09/12
Reilly, James.....U.S., astronaut, STS-089, 1998/01/22, STS-104, 2001/7/12. First launch 1998/01/22
REIMEI.....Japan, satellite, technology. Was INDEX. First launch 2005/08/23
Reise.....German for travel.
Reiter, Thomas.....Germany, cosmonaut, SOYUZ TM 22, 1995/09/03, STS-121 Expedition 13, 2006/07/04. First launch 1995/09/03
RELATIVITY.....UK, satellite, scientific. Test the theory of relativity by measuring the procession of an orbital gyroscope produced by its movements through a gravitational field.
RELAY.....U.S., satellite, communications. Test intercontinental microwave communications at a low altitude repeater satellite and to measure radiation levels.
- RELAY 01, 1962 068a, 1962/12/13, ETR, Delta, Transmitted Until 1965/02.
- RELAY 02, 1964 003a, 1964/01/21, ETR, Delta, Transmitted Until 1965/09/26.
First launch 1962/12/13
RELAY MIRROR EXPERIMENT.....U.S., satellites. See REM.
RELIKT.....Russia, satellite. See LIBRIS.
Remek, Valdimir.....Czechoslovakia, cosmonaut, SOYUZ 28, 1978/03/02. First launch 1978/03/02
Remey DD 688.....USS Remey DD 688, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: MERCURY Atlas 7.
Remote Tracking Stations.....U.S., organization. See RTS.
REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE.....China, satellite, YAOGAN.
rendez-vous.....French for docking.
rendezvous.....First rendezvous, GEMINI 7 and GEMINI 6. 1965/12/15
Renminbi.....Currency of China.
Renshaw DD 499.....USS Renshaw DD 499, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: MERCURY Atlas 8, GEMINI 6, GEMINI 7.
REP.....U.S., satellite, technology. RADAR EVALUATION PROJECT, launched from GEMINI 5. First launch 1965/08/21
Resnik, Judith.....U.S., astronaut, STS-41D (12), 1984/08/30, STS-51L (25), 1986/01/28. First launch 1984/08/30
RESOURCE 21.....U.S., satellite, remote sensing, LEO, 4 satellite constellation.
RESOURCE SATELLITE.....India. See RESOURCESAT.
RESOURCESAT.....India, satellite, remote sensing. RESOURCE SATELLITE. 3 satellite constellation. Also known as IRS-P6. First launch 2003/10/13
RESSAT.....Europe, satellite, communication, GEO.
resurs.....Russia, resource.
RESURS.....Russia, satellite, earth resource. Based on YANTAR (ZENIT) platform. Resurs 500, Russia satellite to spur interest in Russian space hardware. Landed in the Pacific Ocean, near Seattle, Washington, U.S. Named for the 500 Anniversary of Columbus' voyage. Satellite given to the city of Seattle. Small subsatellites were released from RESURS Satellites while in orbit and were called PIONs. Manufactured by TsSKB/Progrsss plant in Samara. RUSERS O is manufactured by VNII Elektromekaniki.
- RESURS-01, 1985/10/23 also known as 11F697
- RESURS F1, 1966/07/16, also known as 14F40.
- RESURS F1, 1988/05/31, also known as 14F43.
- RESURS F1, 1979/09/05, also known as 17F41.
- RESURS F2, 1987/12/26, also known as 17F42.
- RUSERS F3, also known as RUSERS T
- RUSERS R, also known as ALMAZ.
- RESURS F1M
- RESURS SPEKTR V
- RESURS SPEKTR R
- RESURS NIKA K
- RESURS DK.
- RESURS O, based on METEOR, scans photographs and transmits to ground digitally.
- RESURS F 01, 1989 053A, 1989/05/25, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1989/06/17
- RESURS F 02, 1989 049A, 1989/06/27, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1989/07/11
- RESURS F 03, 1989 055A, 1989/07/18, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1989/08/08
- RESURS F 04, 1989 063A, 1989/08/15, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1989/09/14
- RESURS F 05, 1989 073A, 1989/09/06, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1989/09/22
- RESURS F 06, 1990 047A, 1990/05/29, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1990/06/14
- RESURS F 07, 1990 060A, 1990/07/17, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1990/08/16
- RESURS F 08, 1990 073A, 1990/08/16, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1990/09/01
- RESURS F 09, 1990 082A, 1990/09/07, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1990/09/21
- RESURS F 10, 1991 035A, 1991/05/21, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1991/06/20
- RESURS F 11, 1991 044A, 1991/06/28, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1991/07/21
- RESURS F 12, 1991 052A, 1991/07/23, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1991/08/08
- RESURS F 13, 1991 058A, 1991/08/21, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1991/09/20
- RESURS F 14, 1992 024A, 1992/04/29, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1992/05/29
- RESURS F 15, 1992 033A, 1992/06/23, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1992/07/09
- RESURS F 16, 1992 056A, 1992/08/19, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1992/09/04
- RESURS F 17, 1993 033A, 1993/05/21, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1993/06/20
- RESURS F 18, 1993 040A, 1993/06/25, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1993/07/12
- RESURS F 19, 1993 053A, 1993/08/24, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1993/09/10
- RESURS F 20, 1995 050A, 1995/09/26, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1995/10/26
- RESURS 500, 1992 075A, 1992/11/15, Plesetsk, SL-4, LEO, 1992/11/22
- RESURS O-01, 1994 074A, 1994/11/04, Tyuratam, SL-16, LEO
- RESURS-01 4, 1998/07/10, Zenit-2
First launch 1989/05/25
RESURS DK 1.....Russia, satellite, see DK 1.
retour.....French for return.
RETRIEVABLE REMOTE-SENSING SATELLITE.....China, satellite, remote sensing. See SKW. First launch 1975/11/26
RETRIEVABLE SATELLITE.....China, satellite. See FANHUE SHI WEIXING (FSW).
retrieval of a satellite.....First retrieval, repair of a satellite, SOLAR MAXIMUM SATELLITE, Solar Maximum Mission, by STS-41C. 1984/04/12
Retro & correction stage.....Russia, launch vehicle motor, see RCS.
retrograde orbit.....The satellite travels in the opposite direction of the earths rotation.
return.....retour (Fr),, rückkehr (D).
RETURN SATELLITE.....China, satellite. See FANHUI SHI WEIXING.
returned.....The intentional actions which will bring a satellite into the atmosphere. See also decayed, re-entered.
Reusable launch vehicle.....See RLV.
revolution.....Movement of a planet around the Sun; more generally, orbital motion.
REX.....U.S., satellite, scientific. RADIATION EXPERIMENT SATELLITE.
- REX 1, 1991 045A, 1991/06/29, WTR, Scout, LEO.
- REX 2, 1996 014A, 1996/03/09, WSMC/L-1011, Pegasus XL, LEO(first success of XL).
First launch 1991/06/29
REXS.....Japan, satellite, see DENPA.
RFD.....U.S., satellite, technology. Re-entry Flight Demonstrator, test involved placing U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), now the U.S. Department of Energy, nuclear reactor mock-ups in space and evaluating re-entry effect. First launch 1963/05/22
RFNA.....Launch vehicle propellant, liquid, see Red Fuming Nitric Acid.
Rhea.....Saturn moon, one of 19. See Prometheus, Pandora, Atlas, Epimetheus, Janus, Mimas, Helene, Enceladus, Tethys, Calypso, Telesto, Dione, Pan, 1995-S4, Rhea, Titan, Hyperion, Laptus, Phoebe.
rho.....Ρ, ρ, rho, 17, Greek Alphabet.
rhyolite.....Chemical, fine grain igneous rock rich in silica.
RHYOLITE.....U.S. CIA, satellite, signet. Electromagnetic or signal reconnaissance placed in geosynchronous orbit to intercept telemetry for Soviet (Russia) and Chinese missile launches. Replacements for FERRET satellites. Information classified. Also known as Program 720, was later renamed Program 472 AQUACADE.
- RHYOLITE 1, 1970 046A, 1970/06/19, Atlas Agena D, GEO.
- RHYOLITE 2, 1973 013A, 1973/03/06, Atlas Agena D, GEO.
- AQUACADE 3, 1977 114A, 1977/12/11, Atlas Agena D, GEO,RHYOLITE 3.
- AQUACADE 4, 1978 038A, 1978/04/08, Atlas Agena D, GEO, RHYOLITE 4.
First launch 1970/06/19
Rich DD 820.....USS Rich DD 820, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: GEMINI 3, APOLLO 10.
Richards, Paul.....U.S., astronaut, STS-102, 2001/3/8. First launch 2001/03/08
Richards, Richard.....U.S., astronaut, STS-28, 1989/08/08, STS-41, 1990/10/06, STS-50, 1992/06/25, STS-64, 1994/09/09. First launch 1989/08/08
Richfield T. AGM 4.....USS Richfield T. AGM 4, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: MERCURY Atlas 9.
RID.....Spain, organization. NASA DSN tracking station. See DSN.
Ride, Sally.....U.S., astronaut, STS-7, 1983/06/18, STS-41G (13), 1984/10/05. First launch 1983/06/18
riesig.....German for giant.
Rif-MA.....Russia, launch vehicle, 1430 lbs (650 kg), LEO.
right ascension of ascending node.....Orbital component. Keplerian element, right ascension of the ascending node, symbol Ω. It gives the rotation of the orbit plane from reference axis, "twist" of the orbit. Also known as the longitude of the ascending node. Also known as RAAN or RA of Node. One of six Keplerian elements, it indicates the rotation of the orbit plane from some reference point. Two numbers orient an orbital plane in space; inclinations is the first, the right ascension of ascending node is the second. After specifying inclination, an infinite number of orbital planes are possible. The intersection of the equatorial plane and the orbital plane must be specified by a location on the equator that fully defines the orbital plane. The line of nodes occurs in two places. However, by convention, only the ascending node (where the satellite crosses the equator going from south to north) is specified. The descending node (where the satellite crosses the equator going from north to south) is not.
Because
the Earth spins, conventional latitude and longitude points are not
used to separate where the lines of
node occur. Instead, an astronomical coordinate system is used, known
as the right-ascension/declination coordinate
system, which does not spin with the Earth. Right ascension of
ascending node is an angle, measured at the center of
the Earth, from the vernal equinox to the ascending node. For example,
draw a line from the center of the Earth to the
point where the satellite crossed the equator (going from south to
north). If this line points directly at the vernal
equinox, then RAAN = 0o.
RIGID SPHERE.....U.S., satellite, technology.
- RIGID SPHERE 01, 1971 067P, 1971/08/07, WTR, Atlas F, LEO, decayed 1981/09/01.
- RIGID SPHERE 02, 1971 067E, 1971/08/07, WTR, Atlas F, LEO.
First launch 1971/08/07
Riksha.....Russia, launch vehicle.
- Riksha, 10000 lbs (4900 kg), LEO.
- Riksha R0, 3200 lbs (1475 kg), LEO.
- Riksha R1, 6100 lbs (2800 kg), LEO.
- Riksha R2, 2100 lbs (975 kg), LEO.
First launch
RIMSAT.....Russia, satellite. See GORIZONT.
RINCON.....U.S., satellite, technology, Arizona, picosatellite that is a cubesat. First launch 2006/07/26
Rioumine, Valeri.....Russia, cosmonaut. See Ryumin
RISAT.....India, satellite, Earth observation, radar mapping. RADAR IMAGING SATELLITE. First launch
Rita I.....France, launch vehicle, stage 2 with P4 engine from the ballistic missile MSBS M1, Diamant BP4. Thrust 40,00 lbf (180 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), solid propellant.
RITE TARGET.....Japan, satellite. First launch 2002/12/14
RK.....Russia, satellite, see ISKRA.
RKA.....Russia, organization. Space Agency, Rossiyskaya Kosmicheskaya Agentsvo, 42, Shchepkina ul., 129857 Moscow, Telephone:(7 095) 288-9905, FAX:(7 095) 251-8702, 883-5622. Founded 1992/02/25.
RKK Energiya.....Russia, corporation, aerospace, was OKB-1. See Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation "Energiya".
RL.....U.S., launch vehicle motor. Manufactured by Pratt & Whitney.
RL10A-3.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, thrust 15,000 lbf (67 kN), pressure 465 psi (32 bar), liquid propellant LOX/LH2. Used on stage S-IV, Saturn 1 launch vehicle.
RL10A-3-3A.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, thrust 16,500 lbf (73 kN), pressure 465 psi (32 bar), liquid propellant LOX/LH2. Manufactured by Pratt & Whitney. Used on Centaur for the Titan IVB.
RL10A-4.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, Pratt & Whitney. Thrust 41,000 lbf (185 kN), pressure 465 psi (32 bar), liquid propellant LOX/LH2.
RL10A-4-1.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, Pratt & Whitney. Thrust 22,000 lbf (99 kN), pressure 465 psi (32 bar), liquid propellant LOX/LH2.
RL10A-4-1B.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, Pratt & Whitney. Thrust 22,300 lbf (100 kN), pressure ? psi (? bar), liquid propellant LOX/LH2. Used on Atlas 3 launch vehicle.
RL10A-4-2.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, Pratt & Whitney. Thrust 22,000 lbf (99 kN), pressure 465 psi (32 bar), liquid propellant LOX/LH2.
RL10A-4N.....U.S., launch vehicle motor. See RL10A-4.
RL10B-2.....U.S., launch vehicle motor, Pratt & Whitney. Thrust 24,750 lbf (43,000 kN), pressure 465 psi (32 bar), liquid propellant LOX/LH2 Used on Delta IV-M and IV-H.
RLV.....Reusable launch vehicle. A spacecraft launch vehicle that can be reused to launch other spacecraft. An example is the STS where the two solid fuel Boosters and the space shuttle are reused.
RM.....Launch vehicle motor, Reaction Motors Div. (Thiokol).
RM.....U.S. Air Force satellite, infrared and EV measurement of earths infrared background. Launched at the WTR by an Atlas Burner II, FTO. First launch WTR. 1968/08/16
RM-36MU.....Ukraine, launch vehicle, see Ikar.
RME.....U.S. DoD, satellite, technology. RELAY MIRROR EXPERIMENT satellites hosts a 24 inch mirror to test laser pointing technology by deflecting ground-based beams back to earth. Launched at the ESMC by a Delta 2 into a LEO, reentered 1992/05/24. First launch 1990/02/14
RNIIKP.....Russia, organization, see Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Space Device Engineering.
Robert Owen DD 827.....USS Robert Owen DD 827, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: GEMINI 3, GEMINI 4.
Robinson DD 562.....USS Robinson DD 562, recovery ship, part of the fleet which recovered or was on duty and capable of recovering the following: MERCURY Atlas 7.
Robinson, Stephen.....U.S., astronaut, STS-085, 1997/08/07, STS-095, 1998/10/29, STS-114, 2005/07/26. First launch 1997/08/07
ROC.....Republic of China, also known as R.O.C.
ROCK.....U.S., satellite, see XM ROCK.
rocket.....One or more stages of propulsion, for acceleration of a payload by means of a thrust acting independently of the medium in which it operates (does not require an atmosphere). Some rockets are used as satellite launch vehicles.
ΔVr = Isp g ln(Mi/Mf) |
ΔVr = Change in the velocity of the rocket [m/s] Isp = Specific Impulse [s] g = gravitational acceleration on Earth [m/s2] = 9.81 [m/s2] = 32.2 [ft/s2] Mi = Initial mass of the rocket. [kg] Mf = Final mass of the rocket. [kg] |
rocket.....fusée (Fr),, rakete (D).
Rocket engine designation.....U.S. See DoD Designation. Russia, see RD. Also see launch vehicle and missile
Rocket Engine.....A device that converts thermal or electrical energy into thrust. May also be referred to as a rocket motor. Often used to describe a liquid fuel rocket, e.g. rocket engine. See also propellant, thrust, rocket motor designation.
Ft = Vcd(M)/dt = Ved(M)/dt + (Pe - Pa)Ae = momenum + pressure |
Ft = thrust [N] or [kgm/s2] Vc = effective exhaust velocity of the exhaust gases [m/s] Ve = exhaust velocity [m/s] Pe = Pressure at exit [N/m2] Pa = Pressure of atmosphere [N/m2] Ae = Area of exit [m2] d(M)/dt =mass flow rate [kg/s] M = mass [kg] |
Vc = Ve +(Ae(Pe - Pa)/(d(M)/dt) = (Is)(g) = Ft/d(M)/dt |
Vc = effective exhaust velocity of the exhaust gases [m/s] d(M)/dt = mass flow rate [kg/s] M = mass [kg] Ve = Velocity of exhaust gasses at nozzle exit [m/s] Is = Specific Impulse [s] g =gravitational acceleration on Earth [m/s2] = 9.81 [m/s2] = 32.2 [ft/s2] Ft = thrust [N] or [kgm/s2] Ae = Area of nozzle exit [m2] Pe = Pressure at nozzle exit [N/m2] Pa = Pressure of atmosphere [N/m2] |
VR = VeLn(MT - Mf)/MT |
VR = Velocity of the space launch vehicle [m/s] (no atmospheric drag or other forces affecting the velocity of the space launch vehicle) Ve = Velocity of exhaust gasses at nozzle exit [m/s] MT = Total mass of the space launch vehicle [kg] Mf = Mass of the propellant [kg] |
Rocket Equation.....The final velocity or Terminal Velocity of a launch vehicle provided by a Rocket motor or engine. See rocket engine.
Rocket motor designation.....U.S. See DoD Designation. Russia, see RD. Also see launch vehicle and missile
Rocket Motor.....A device that converts thermal or electrical energy into thrust. May also be referred to as a rocket engine. Often used to describe a solid fuel rocket, e.g. rocket motor. See also propellant.
Rocket propulsion system classification.....- Energy source
- Chemical
- Nuclear
- Solar
- Electromagnetic
- Function
- boost stage
- sustainer
- attitude control
- orbit station keeping
- Type of propellant
- solid fuel
- liquid fuel
- mono propellant
- gaseous
- hybrid
Rocket Propulsion....."Sub class of jet propulsion that produces thrust by ejecting stored matter called the propellant". See propulsion, rocket propulsion system classification.
Rocket Research Center.....U.S., organization. Cal Tech (California Institute of Technology) (reorganized and renamed to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 11/01/1944.) formed under Dr. von Karman. 1939/07/